How to Properly Use Bicycle Brakes

How to Properly Use Bicycle Brakes: Techniques for Safe and Smooth Stopping

Anyone who has ridden a bicycle has probably heard the warning, "Don’t just pull the front brake, or you’ll flip over." This advice emphasizes the importance of brake control in cycling, as it not only affects speed but also safety. So, how should we brake correctly to stop the bike smoothly and safely while avoiding flipping over? In this article, we will explore the basic principles of bicycle brakes, braking techniques, and safety tips.

1. Understanding the Bicycle Brake System

Before diving into braking techniques, it is important to understand the brake system. Almost all bicycles, electric bikes, motorcycles, and other two-wheeled vehicles use the left-rear and right-front brake setup. Why is this configuration so common?

Firstly, whether left-handed or right-handed, riders typically mount the bike from the left side, making the left side of the handlebars easier to control. This is why the left hand controls the rear brake and the right hand controls the front brake. Secondly, the rear brake is generally more stable, while the front brake offers stronger stopping power, making the left-hand rear, right-hand front configuration practical.

2. Types of Brakes: Rim Brakes vs Disc Brakes

Bicycle brakes come in two main types: rim brakes and disc brakes. Rim brakes work by applying pressure to the sides of the wheel rims, creating friction to slow the bike down. Disc brakes, on the other hand, use brake pads to clamp onto a disc, applying pressure to slow the bike. While both types of brakes function similarly, their performance and characteristics differ. This article focuses on how to use both types of brakes correctly without comparing them—future articles will explore their differences in detail.

3. How to Use Brakes Correctly

1. Front vs Rear Brakes

The goal of braking is to use the friction between the tires and the road to slow the bike or bring it to a stop. When braking, the bike's and rider’s center of gravity shifts toward the front wheel. As a result, the front brake provides the majority of the braking force. The rear brake plays a more auxiliary role in slowing the bike.

To stop quickly and safely, the front brake should be applied with more force. However, if used improperly, it can cause the bike to flip. The key is to apply sufficient force to the front brake while ensuring the rear wheel barely lifts off the ground, providing maximum stopping power without causing a flip.

2. How to Apply the Front Brake

When performing an emergency stop, first grip the handlebars firmly, straighten your arms, raise your hips and shift back on the saddle. Tighten your legs, bend your waist, and position your body properly. Then, apply about 70% force to the front brake and 30% to the rear brake.

During braking, feel for the point where the rear wheel slightly lifts off the ground. This is the optimal braking point for each bike. Since every bike has different brake characteristics and wear levels, it is important to practice and find this point for each bike you ride.

3. When to Use the Rear Brake

Although the front brake provides most of the braking power, the rear brake should be used in certain situations. For example, on slippery surfaces, using only the front brake can cause the front wheel to slip. On bumpy roads, the front wheel may briefly leave the ground, and using the front brake can cause the wheel to stop rotating, which is dangerous. In such cases, use the rear brake to ensure safety.

Additionally, if the front brake malfunctions or becomes difficult to control, the rear brake serves as a reliable backup.

4. When to Use Both Front and Rear Brakes Simultaneously

If the front brake alone does not provide sufficient stopping power, you can use the rear brake to add additional braking force. If the front brake makes noise or becomes less responsive, you can use the rear brake to assist in braking.

When going downhill for an extended period, holding the front brake for too long can tire your hand and cause the wheel rim to overheat, potentially leading to a blowout. It is best to alternate between the front and rear brakes to distribute the heat evenly and prevent overheating.

When cornering, both brakes should be applied lightly to maintain grip and avoid tire skidding. The sharper the turn, the lighter the braking should be. If you feel you are going too fast into a corner, gently apply the brakes while widening your turning radius.

4. Summary and Safety Tips

Proper brake usage is crucial for cycling safety. Here are some key takeaways:

• Flat, dry roads: Apply 70% braking force to the front brake and 30% to the rear brake.
• Slippery or bumpy surfaces: Use the rear brake primarily.
• Long downhill descents: Alternate between front and rear brakes.
• Cornering: Apply both brakes lightly while widening your turn radius.

Lastly, remember that cycling is about enjoying the ride, not taking risks. Anticipating stops and reducing speed early is always safer than emergency braking. Value your life and avoid sudden, hard stops.